The width be in wan assumed of web for a shear wall web. Thebed jointsofbatteredretainingwalls shouldbelaidatrightanglesto thefaceslope. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining walls to. Earth pressure p 8 earth pressure is the pressure exerted by the retaining material on the retaining wall. A design example which demonstrates the use of the.
The following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. However, they form a significant part of the external landscape and should have a basic aesthetic appeal. Design and analysis of retaining walls 2 economical when the wall height exceeds 8m. The ab stones provide a nominal setback of twelve degrees from vertical. Example 1 retaining wall designs using retaining blocks. Defining importance levels for the design of retaining walls k r anderson aecom nz ltd, auckland, nz kevin.
The lateral forces from backfill is resisted by the weight of wall itself, and due to their massive nature, they develop little or no tension. Provided, then it should be designed taking the effect of passive pressure. Net area of a wall pier bounded by the length of the wall pier, l. Abarac current retaining wall design procedures are summarized with emphasis on the prediction of lateral earth pressures using the coulomb and rankine earth pressure theories, and the equivalent fluid pressure method. Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. Consider the cantilever retaining wall with the cross section shown in the above figure a.
This design example focuses on the analysis and design of a tapered cantilever retaining wall including a comparison with model results. We believe that a twelve degree setback maximizes the leverage achieved by a battered wall, while providing a finished retaining. Design the cantilever wall and give approximate dimensions of heel, toe and base. Download counterfort retaining wall design example pdf pdf. The geotech or civil engineers stability calculations, site inspection, design notes. P a active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure pp. Active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure p p.
A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 7 bs8002 bs8002 design table 1 soil saturated density 21. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design. The bearing wall figure 1g may exits with or without lateral loads. Basics of retaining wall design page x preface to the tenth edition this tenth edition, like its predecessors, become necessary because building codes change seismic design requirements for example and as we receive suggestions for topics to be added or expanded. Download cantilever retaining wall design example pdf pdf. The wall is assumed to be protecting a levelled dwelling platform with a steep, 20 degree hill slope above. Em717014 and fhwaflp94006 first update july 1999 second update february 2001 note. Pdf a new design method for retaining walls in clay. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. Mcgrawhill international edition, 1997 may be referred. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design aci 31814 reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls consist of a relatively thin stem and a base slab. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and. Contrary to suppliers statements, no single wall type solves all design issues.
The load that presents the greatest problem and its primary concern is the lateral earth pressure induced by the retained soil. Worked examples presented at the workshop eurocode 7. Variations on the basic design, including curves, tiers, railings, stairs, walkways and the like are making them more and more attractive to designers and architects. Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014. Slope stability for each design example, please state.
The example calculations are made here using mathcad. The grout spacing affects the wall weight, which in turn affects the seismic load. Minimum required area of distributed horizontal reinforcing steel required for shear in a wall spandrel, in. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for students. The density of retained earth is 16 knm3 and angle of repose is 300. Example 11 castinplace concrete cantilever retaining wall 4 2020 summary of unfactored loads and moments resolve moments about point a see figure 1 typical section load combinations ev 1 ev 2 dc 2 dc 3 vehicular collision load 18. Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. They are built from solid concrete or rock rubble mortared together. Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 18design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. However, the term is usually used with reference to a cantilever retaining wall, which. In this example, the structural design of the three retaining wall components is performed by hand. The stem may have constant thickness along the length or may be tapered based on economic and construction criteria. Reinforced masonry design requires that a groutreinforcement spacing be assumed.
The guide is an updated version of the original produced by mr. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. Design example the following design example briefly illustrates some of the basic steps used in the allowable stress design of a reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls. Reinforced concrete shear wall analysis and design a structural reinforced concrete shear wall in a 5story building provides lateral and gravity load resistance for the applied load as shown in the figure below. Determine the factors of safety against sliding and overturning. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block. As part of this project, seventeen retaining walls are required to support the associated ramp widening works and the installation and maintenance of the its. They are not full detailed calculations such as might be prepared for a real wall design but are limited to the calculation of earth pressure and bearing capacity, showing how the. Final duevel arema retaining wall design for the railroad. A design example which demonstrates the use of the australian. Site access, the look of the wall, material and labour costs are also factored into the final retaining wall design selected for any project. Assume variation of water pressure below wall same as cp2 example.
Gravity walls are the earliest known retaining structures. Cantilever rc retaining wall 10 knm2 m 500 mm h 400 0. Design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. The design of all retaining walls needs to consider, the soil profile, soil type, clay, gravel or sand, the final height of the wall and any loadings from driveways and nearby buildings, that will increase the design forces that the wall has to withstand. The safety factor against sliding minimum required f. Distribution a minimum reinf01tement formly width cracks that are due to shear. However, the book does explain the basics of retaining wall design and lists incredible supplementary resources at the end of each chapter. The example problems in this manual are based on walls constructed with allan block retaining wall systems ab stones. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples. Corrections to the usdaforest service retaining wall design guide. Retaining walls are structure used to retain soil, rock or other materials in a vertical condition. A cantilever wall is a reinforcedconcrete wall castinplace or built with concrete block that utilizes. Course objectives they seem to crop up everywhere, like cell phone towers. Basics of retaining wall design 10 editionth a design guide for earth retaining structures contents at a glance.
Mechanically stabilized earth mse retaining walls are growing in popularity. Walls can generally be grouped into gravity and nongravity types, with the category based on how load resistance is developed. Hence they provide a lateral support to vertical slopes of soil that would otherwise collapse into a more natural shape. Download counterfort retaining wall design example pdf doc. Shear wall section and assumed reinforcement is investigated after analysis to verify suitability for the applied loads. Download cantilever retaining wall design example pdf doc. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 1. Shear wall design aci 31814 the program provides detailed output data for simplified pier section design, uniform pier section, and section designer pier section designcheck designcheck chapter 4.
Deflection generally governs design for cantilever walls more than 18 feet high. Active earth pressure tends to variation of earth pressure deflect the wall away from the 5 backfill. Asafurtherprecaution,allfacejointsshouldbe carefullypointedincement mortar,forbetterprotection againsttheweather. Reinforcement of the wall is attained by steel bars embedded within the concrete or block core of the wall illustrated by figure 5f6. Cantilever retaining wall ouestion for the retaining wall and the profile shown below, calculate.
By knowing the controlling design and construction characteristics of each, the. Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002. The basic design precepts employed in cantilever walls include considerations of dead man tiebacks, taking active pressures to the bottom of the wall and considering any reductions in passive resistance for inclined slopes. Some easytoadopt retaining wall design ideas have been listed below. For example, chose the top deflection as the representative quantity for the design of a cantilever wall and evaluated the model uncertainty of the mobilized strength design msd proposed by. Design the reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall shown in figure 2. After the page number the number in 0 refers to date the modification was updated. Worked example 4 design of a tiedback retaining wall to. Defining importance levels for the design of retaining walls. The book has a wealth of information on retaining walls but the material lacks a coherent structure.
Type of retaining wall failure to design retaining walls, it is necessary to know how wall can fail. Examples of this include cip cantilever, mse and modular block walls. Retaining wall design rcc structures civil engineering. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls. Geotechnical design dublin, 14 june, 20 support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the eurocodes. Suggest suitable dimensions for the rc retaining wall example 1. Design for earth loads retaining walls, which set out a design methodology and safe load tables for these structures. Cantilever or restrained retaining wall calculations o r g a n iz a io n f. Sketches of the retaining wall forces should be considered to properly distinguish the different forces acting on our retaining wall as tackled in the previous article, retaining wall. Design of the retaining wall structures on the m4 smart motorway. An rc retaining wall 5 m high above foundation base has to retain earth with a horizontal surface at the top. A bearing wall may be defined as a wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.
On the design of a deep secant pile wall igs 985 ngm 2016 proceedings open excavation using a supported wall. Whereas, if bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension, the wall is called buttress retaining wall. Depending on the magnitudes of the vertical and lateral loads, the wall mat have to be designed for combined bending and axial compression. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Differences between retaining and flood walls purpose of walls seepage and leakage control requirements wall stability special flood wall monoliths design philosophy stability considerations section iv. The base is divided into two parts, the heel and toe. Types of flood walls common types of flood walls cantilever ttype wall cantilever itype wall other types of flood walls section iii. Design of retaining walls the design of retaining wall must account for all applied loads. In addition, the layout of the book and the examples themselves were disappointing. Principles of retaining wall design the constructor. Component quality is important due diligence when a designer issues a design certificate a form 15 in queensland, the design is being certified against a specified criteria, for example as 4678, earth retaining structures code.
The design of retaining wall must account for all applied loads. Retaining walls are essentially a functional addition to the outdoors. Whentheprojections arearrangedinfrontofthe wall,theyaretermedbut. This gl pressure tends to deflect the wall outward. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for. There various parts of a retaining wall and design principles of these retaining wall components based on different factors and material and methods of construction are discussed. Aretainingwallmaybe constructedwithaseriesofprojectionsorabutmentsontheface orback. The comprehensive earth pressure theories evolving from the original coulomb and. Therefore, they are usually not reinforced with steel.
Often local authorities require the design work to be done by a registered engineer, before issuing a building consent. Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002 the following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. Ground freezing of soils and tunnel driving through frozen material zone tunnel driving securing the tunnel face with a screen in the process selecting the solution, it was focused on using a robust solution with good feasibility. Retaining wall design design examples and construction.
The second edition of the retaining wall design guide has been produced by the usda forest service. Any wall that sustains significant lateral soil pressure is a retaining wall. Design and detailing of retaining walls learning outcomes. Most common materials used for retaining walls are. Ce 537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 6 8 2. W wheel wfill wsur k ft klf ft u u klf ft ft ft w l m w plf. For details of other type the book foundation analysis and design by j.
1276 477 875 286 140 1152 251 1243 893 654 1438 375 507 868 323 1045 212 1303 138 830 1175 308 1400 642 1130 773 291 855 766 1069 932 1413